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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a method of improving or increasing growth in adulthood of offspring of a female animal or improvement or increase, in adulthood, of muscle mass or muscle / fat ratio of offspring of a female animal by administering to said female animal during lactation of said offspring and / or said offspring an effective amount of fructooligosaccharides.
    公开号:BE1022946B1
    申请号:E2015/5547
    申请日:2015-08-28
    公开日:2016-10-20
    发明作者:Emmanuelle Apper；Frédérique Respondek
    申请人:Beghin Meiji Sa；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    METHOD OF ENHANCING AND INCREASING ADULT GROWTH OF PROGENITURE BY FOS ADMINISTRATION
    The present invention relates to a method of improving or increasing growth in adulthood of offspring of a female animal or improvement or increase, in adulthood, of muscle mass or muscle / fat ratio of offspring of a female animal by administering to said female animal during lactation of said offspring and / or said offspring an effective amount of fructooligosaccharides.
    HISTORY OF THE INVENTION
    Nutrition plays a key role in the development of the microbiota and immune system of newborn piglets. Early life nutrition can also influence intestinal immunity and long-term metabolism and influence pig growth at later physiological stages by fingerprint (Guilloteau et al., 2010). Indeed, modulation of the females diet during pregnancy and lactation and the diet of young animals leads to a subsequent change of microbiota and epigenetic reactions in different species (Lallès et al., 2012).
    Programming, or imprinting, is defined as "the induction, extinction or restriction of the development of a permanent somatic structure or permanent physiological system with long-term effects for the functioning" (McMillen et al. Robinson, 2005) .This can be caused by stimuli or disturbances during a sensitive period (for example, the moment of maximum tissue growth, ie, fetal life and / or the onset of The programming, or imprint, is based on the observation that environmental changes can reset the developmental pathways during critical periods of life, when tissues still have some plasticity and are in a phase of proliferation. Metabolism is the process by which a stimulus, aggression or compound, occurring or administered during a critical period of development, a long-term effect on the physiological and metabolic responses of the offspring. During development, mammals are exposed to two environments: the in utero environment and the postnatal environment. Maternal diet, body composition and energy stocks have major influences on both environments. Perinatal nutrition also has long-term effects on the regulation of energy balance, influences the predisposition to develop metabolic disorders and plays a role in the programming of body weight regulation points. For example, it has been shown that states of maternal energy status and maternal health involved in the predisposition to obesity of offspring include maternal over-nutrition, maternal diabetes, and maternal undernutrition. It has never been demonstrated that a dietary fiber would have an effect during the adulthood of an animal by an administration during a reduced period, as during the beginning of the life of such an animal.
    As prebiotics, short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) are selectively fermented ingredients that induce specific changes in the composition or activity of the gastrointestinal microflora, which confer benefits to the body. 'host' (Gibson et al., 2004). ScFOS supplementation modulates the gastrointestinal microbiota in pigs by selectively stimulating the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli (Howard et al., 1999). It follows that scFOS increase the integrity of the intestinal barrier of piglets (Xu et al., 2005), modulate the immune response of vaccinated piglets (Le Bourgot et al., 2013), and increase sensitivity to insulin in obese dogs (Respondek et al., 2008). Supplementation with scFOS in mothers and their pups modulates the immune response of puppies (Adogony et al., 2007), suggesting that peri-partum supplementation with scFOS may modulate the immune response. It has been reported that supplementation with scFOS has a growth enhancing effect during the supplementation period or just at the end of the supplementation period (Grand et al., 2013, Xu Chuanlai et al., 2005; EP 0 133 547 (MEJI SEIKA CO), CN 102 613 409 (WUHAN HVSEN BIOTECHNOLOGY CO), CN 103 636 977 (ZHENJIANG TIANHE BIOLOG TECHNOLOGY CO), KIM EUN JIN et al., 2011). This effect is not indicative of a long-term effect. In other words, an effect observed at an early age of an animal is not necessarily maintained in adulthood. Indeed, generally, the effect of an active ingredient or a compound is observed during administration or for a short period after the end of the administration, but an effect observed several months or years after the end of the administration of said compound is unusual. In the same way, the prior art describes the use of several food additives during a specific part of the animal's life in order to improve its growth during the period of supplementation, especially during the period of growth. . This is the case for major products such as probiotics, organic acids. However, such a recommendation is very expensive and is therefore little followed by farmers. There is a need for a compound that can be administered for a short period of time and that would increase the growth of a mammal in adulthood.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The inventors have demonstrated, for the first time, that supplementation at the beginning of the life of an animal by FOS results in gains for breeders, directly, by stimulating the growth of said animals.
    The inventors have shown that there are long-lasting metabolic and zootechnical changes due to early life supplementation by scFOS. Indeed, scFOS supplementation with newborn piglets increased zootechnical performance at slaughter. Early life supplementation with scFOS also altered fat percentage, suggesting changes in metabolic pathways of energy. The mechanisms underlying the positive effect of scFOS feeding on sows and piglets need to be further investigated but are likely to be associated with the microbiota and gastrointestinal tract. The invention relates to a method for improving or increasing the growth in adulthood of offspring of a female animal, comprising the step of administering an effective amount of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) preferably short-chain FOS (scFOS) to i) the female animal during lactation of said offspring and / or ii) said offspring for 2 and 6 weeks after weaning. The invention also relates to the use of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), preferably short-chain FOS (scFOS), at an early age of an animal to enhance or increase the growth of said animal to the adult agent. Preferably by administering, to said animal, an effective amount of fructooligosaccharides for 2 and 6 weeks after weaning. The invention also relates to the use of FOS, preferably scFOS, to enhance or increase adulthood growth of an animal by administering scFOS to its parent (or breeder or dam) during lactation. said animal.
    According to the invention, the fructooligosaccharides are administered to said offspring or said animal at the early age between 2 and 4 weeks after weaning, preferably between 2 and 3 weeks after weaning.
    According to the invention, the fructooligosaccharides are administered to said female animal or to said breeder at least during the period of colostrum and / or lactation, preferably the fructooligosaccharides are administered to said female animal or to said breeder during the end of the pregnancy and / or during the entire lactation period.
    As used herein, the term "animals" refers to any animal raised in the field of animal husbandry for use by humans for food, clothing and the like; these animals include meat producing animals, for example ruminants such as cattle, sheep and goats, and non-ruminants such as pigs and poultry. Preferably, the animal is a non-human animal. Preferably, the animal is a mammal. The term "meat-producing animals" refers to any animal raised in the field of animal husbandry for the purpose of using its meat as a food. Typically, the animal is a monogastric animal. The term "monogastric animal" refers to any animal with a single stomach, which applies to most carnivores and omnivores, with the exception of ruminants safe beef calves, indeed, the term monogastric animal term must be considered to include veal calves. The term "standard animal feed" refers to feeds that can be used in the animal breeding field and are suitable for donating to animals to provide some or all of the nutritional requirements of the animals.
    According to the invention, the terms "adulthood" or "adult animal" refer to an animal that has reached sexual maturity.
    The terms "improving and increasing growth into adulthood" or "improving and increasing the growth of an animal into adulthood" refer to measuring an improvement or increase in growth. in adulthood between two adult animals, one of which followed the treatment during its early age and the other did not follow it.Indeed, according to the invention, although the scFOS are administered at an early age during the lactation period (for example, for piglets, 5 days to 21 days) or between 2 and 6 weeks after weaning (for piglets, weaning takes place between 21 days and 48 days), the improvement or growth is observed in adulthood, ie a long time after the end of scFOS administration.In the case of pork, the animal is slaughtered at age of 190 days (27 weeks), therefore the period between the end of treatment and the observation of Growth improvement is between 14 and 24 weeks, which means a period that is greater than half the life of the hog. This effect is called "metabolic footprint". It was very surprising that this metabolic footprint effect could be induced by a prebiotic fiber. Moreover, since all prebiotic fibers modulate the intestinal microbiota differently, it was also surprising that scFOS specifically modulate the intestinal microbiota and that such modulation lasts throughout the life of the treated animal.
    According to the invention, the term "early age" in the expression "early-age animal" refers to a juvenile animal, which means during the period of lactation, weaning and post-weaning. The post-weaning period is the period during which the animals receive a pre-starter food and a starter food (that is, before the growth phase).
    Typically, said animal, in particular said offspring, may be a monogastric animal, preferably a piglet, and said effective amount of fructooligosaccharides is administered: - auditing the female animal or said parent during lactation of said offspring to 0 to 21 days and / or - to said offspring between 21 and 48 days or 21 and 40 days, preferably between 22 and 46 days. The term "effective amount" refers to the amount of FOS, preferably scFOS, which, when administered to meat producing animals, promotes growth, increases growth rate, and / or increases weight gain. and / or increases the muscle / fat ratio of said meat-producing animals without any significant negative side effect, as compared to untreated animals. As known in the state of the art, effective amounts of FOS for use in the present invention will vary to a certain extent depending on the particular animal species or particular growth conditions, such as temperature and temperature. type of food and the like.
    For any particular case, the exact or optimal effective amount to be administered can be determined by conventional dose titration techniques.
    The terms "fructo-oligosaccharides", "fructooligosaccharides" or "FOS" refer to beta-D-fructans having 2 to 10 units of fructose, wherein the fructose units are linked by a beta-2,1-glycosidic chain and a single D-glucose unit at the terminal end. Preferably, the fructooligosaccharides are short chain fructooligosaccharides. According to the invention, the short chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) comprise 2 to 8, preferably 2 to 4 fructose units (GF2, GF3 and GF4). Preferably, the scFOS according to the invention comprise between 28 and 24%, preferably 32% (w / w) of GF2, between 40 and 54%, preferably 47% (w / w) of GF3 and between 8 and 16. %, preferably 11% (w / w) GF4. ScFOS are generally produced from sucrose by an enzymatic or fermentation process (JP-A-56-154967, JP-B-59-53834 and JP 61-268190). ScFOS are in particular marketed under the trademark ACTILIGHT® or NUTRAFLORA®. An analytical method for measuring the content of scFOS is also disclosed in the prior art by Ouarné et al., 1999, and uses an extraction step, followed by a phase-associated anion exchange liquid phase chromatography. hydrolysis using an invertase. AOAC 999.03 and AOAC 999.08 also mention several methods for analyzing FOS.
    Preferably, the FOS are administered in the form of pellets or are included in a food supplement or added directly to the food. The invention further relates to a method of improving and increasing, in adulthood, the muscle mass of a female animal offspring, comprising the step of administering an effective amount of fructooligosaccharides to i) the female animal during lactation of said offspring and / or ii) said offspring for 2 and 6 weeks after weaning - improvement or increase, in adulthood, of the muscle mass of said offspring.
    According to the invention, the measurement of "muscle mass" or "muscle / fat ratio" is well known by those skilled in the art. For example, an optical sensor may be used, such as the optical sensor marketed by Sydel, Lorient, France which is used routinely in slaughterhouses. The invention also relates to a method for reducing the breeding period of offspring of a non-human female animal, said offspring being a meat-producing animal, said method comprising the step of administering an effective amount fructooligosaccharides to i) the female animal during lactation of said offspring and / or ii) said offspring for 2 and 6 weeks after weaning - thereby reducing the breeding period of said offspring. The invention also relates to a nutritional composition for an animal at an early age, preferably a mammal at an early age or a milk-secreting animal comprising:
    0.05 to 0.5%, preferably 0.1 to 0.2% FOS, preferably scFOS 18 to 23%, preferably 19 to 22%, proteins, preferably vegetable proteins (c). that is, whey proteins, soy proteins, rice proteins, potato proteins, pea proteins, rapeseed proteins and mixtures thereof) or animal proteins and mixtures corresponding; - 52 to 70%, preferably 55 to 65% of carbohydrates, preferably selected from carbohydrates of corn, barley, milk, maltodextrins and a corresponding mixture, and - 1 to 8% preferably 2 to 9% fat, preferably selected from marine oil, fish oil, vegetable oil, animal lipids (i.e., tallow, milk lipids, lard ...) and a corresponding mixture.
    The protein source can be used in concentrated form, in hydrolyzate form or in isolated form, however the isolated form is particularly preferred for the reasons discussed in the description.
    Said animal protein may be selected from milk proteins, casein proteins, meat proteins, egg proteins, gelatin, fish proteins, blood proteins (blood meal) and mixtures thereof .
    Marine / fish oils are oils that are obtained from animals, plants or aquatic organisms, either directly or indirectly, particularly fatty fish.
    Suitable vegetable oils are coconut oil, soybean oil, corn oil, olive oil, safflower oil, high oleic safflower oil, TCM oil (medium chain triglycerides), sunflower oil, oleic sunflower oil, palm oil, palm olein and rapeseed oil. A preferred source of fat comprises at least one fatty acid and more particularly at least one omega-3 fatty acid.
    Typically, such carbohydrate may be hydrolysed, intact, natural and / or chemically modified corn starch, maltodextrin, maltose, glucose polymers, sucrose, corn syrup solids, carbohydrates derived from rice or potatoes, glucose, fructose, lactose and oligosaccharides such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS), insulin, polydextrose, resistant starches, dextrin and gums (i.e. gum arabic) and corresponding combinations. Advantageously, said carbohydrates may be in the form of flour.
    The present invention will be further illustrated by the following description and drawings, which refer to illustrative examples
    It will be understood, however, that these examples are given merely by way of illustration of the invention and in no way constitute a limitation thereof.
    EXAMPLES EXAMPLE 1: Materials and processes The test was carried out from September 2012 to May 2013. In accordance with the legislation in force in France, where the entire study was carried out, it will only be mandatory from 1 January 2013 to obtain approval from the Ethics Committee for performing animal testing, so this was not applicable when the study was conducted. However, the present experiment was carried out under the direction of veterinarian Bernard Sansot, who with permission to handle farm animals under the permission 5509 at the Faculty of Medicine of Toulouse (France).
    Animals and experimental design The experiment was carried out on a commercial farm in France with 129 primiparous and multiparous sows (Large White x Landrace) in two replicates. The sanitary condition of the farm and zootechnical performances were characteristic for France. An experimental design with parcel subdivision was used, with a sow diet effect in the main plots and a different diet effect of the piglets in the sub-plot.
    Sows, five days before parturition, were assigned to one of two regimes based on parity at the start of the experiment. Both diets were a control diet (CTRL) administered to 64 sows and a diet supplemented by scFOS (scFOS) administered to 65 sows. The sows were in a group housing space during gestation and were moved to the calving space after 109 ± 1 days of gestation to begin the experiment. They were kept in individual calving cages (length: 2.7 m, width: 1.7 m). During the first 48 hours postpartum, the original litter was kept close to the sow. After 48 h, litters were standardized to 12 piglets per crossover in the diet groups. The ambient temperature in the farrowing space was maintained between 22 and 25 ° C.
    During the lactation period, the piglets did not have access to stall food. They were weaned at the age of 20 days. After weaning, half of the piglet group was released from the experiment and left the farm. In the other part, all the piglets remained in the same treatment group, defined by their breeder, and they were then subdivided into two groups to receive either the scFOS diet or the CTRL diet from day 21 to day 45.
    Piglets remained in a group housing area from post-harvest to slaughter. During the post-weaning phase, they were housed in pens (one female and one male as replication) that housed up to 32 piglets. During the growth and finishing phases, the piglets were housed in pens that housed up to 16 piglets. The ambient temperature during the post-beating phase was maintained between 25 and 29 ° C. The pigs were fed up to a body weight of 120 kg and then slaughtered in accordance with current European regulations (EU regulations 1/2005 and 1099/2009). Finally, 769 piglets in 28 pens during the pre-plant period were followed from weaning to slaughter. regimes
    All diets were formulated according to nutrient and energy requirements (Tables 1 and 2). During gestation, all sows received two meals a day at 7:30 and 14:00. On average, they received 3.0 kg (day 1 to day 36), 2.5 kg (day 37 to day 80) and 3.5 kg (day 81 to day 109) per day from a standard diet. for carrier sows. Upon entry into the calving space and weaning until after calving, they had free access to a conventional diet for lactating sows (Table 1). From the entry into the calving space until the end of lactation, the conventional sow diets were supplemented with 10 g / day of maltodextrins (CTRL, Tereos Syral, Marckolsheim, France), which are digestible chains of glucose molecules linked by α1-4 bonds, ie by 10 g / day of scFOS (Profeed P95, Tereos Syral, Marckolsheim, France, 95% of scFOS with a molecular chain length of 3 to 5), non-digestible chains of glucose and fructose linked by β (2-1) bonds.
    Item Diet Regime _gestation_lactation
    Chemical analysis,% MS PB 15.9 19.8
    Fat 3.0 4.8
    Crude fiber 6.8 3.5
    Ash 6.5 8.0 MS,% of feed 87.3 87.4 ED, MJ / kg of DM 15.0 16.4
    Lily 0.70 1.16
    Daily ration, kg day 1 to day 36: 3.0 Ad libitum day 37 to day 80: 2.5 day 81 to day 112: 3.5
    Table 1 Chemical analysis of experimental diets received by sows during pregnancy and lactation.
    Five conventional diets have been formulated for piglets: a diet pre-weaning from weaning until day 40, a starter diet from day 41 to day 64; a pre-growth diet from day 65 to day 103; a growth regime from day 104 to day 148 and a finishing regime to slaughter (Table 2). Sows and piglets have always had free access to fresh water during the experimental period. After weaning and from day 21 to day 40 (ie for the first page period), piglets from each litter were divided into 2 groups. They received the conventional diet supplemented with either 1.2 g / day of maltodextrins or 1.2 g / day of scFOS. Maltodextrins and scFOS were incorporated directly into the sow and piglet diets. Period Prestarter Starter Growth Growth Finishing Age of piglets, days 20-40 41-64 65-103 104-148 148 _Matting MS,% of diet 88.7 86.9 87.0 87.2 86.9
    Chemical analysis,% MS PB 21.0 21.4 20.9 19.8 18.8
    Grease 7.4 2.0 2.7 3.0 3.6
    Crude fiber 4.0 4.2 4.5 5.6 4.4
    Ashes 8.0 7.5 6.5 6.1 5.9 ED, MJ / kg MS 16.7 15.2 15.3 15.3 15.6 EN, MJ / kg MS 11.8 10, 7 10.8 10.9 11.2
    Lily 1,59 1,40 1,20 1,11 0.94
    Daily ration, kg_0,38_0,92_1,75_2,60_2,45
    Table 2 Composition of experimental diets formulated for piglets and pigs growing-finishing.
    Finally, two groups of sows were trained according to their diets: the groups CTRL and scFOS. Four groups of piglets were distinguished: a CTRL / CTRL group in which the sows were fed by the control diet and the piglets by the control diet; a CTRL / scFOS group in which the sows were fed the control diet and the piglets by scFOS diet; a scFOS / CTRL group in which the sows were fed scFOS diet and piglets by the control diet; a scFOS / scFOS group in which both sows and piglets received scFOS diets. Samples and measurements
    Sows. The general ration absorbed by the sows was recorded. The thickness of the backfat of each sow was measured by ultrasound (RENCO leanmeater, Minneapolis, USA) at calving and weaning piglets. The calving was assisted and the duration was recorded.
    Piglets. The number of piglets and the death rate were recorded at birth, 48 hours and at 21 days of age. The average body weight (CP) of each litter was measured at birth and weaning. The pigs were slaughtered when they reached 120 kg of PC. Slaughter age and carcass weight were recorded individually. The percentages of fat and muscle per carcass were also determined individually by the optical sensor (Sydel, Lorient, France) used at the slaughterhouse.
    Statistical analysis
    Observations on sows, including feed ration, backfat thickness, birth and weaning range characteristics, and calving duration were analyzed by ANOVA using the GLM procedure ( SAS Inst. Inc, NC), the experimental unit being the sow. The model included regime effects, parity and replicates, and the interaction between the regime and parity and between the regime and the replicate. 5 parity classes were established: class 1: parity 1, n = 13 sows in the CTRL group and 15 sows in the scFOS group; class 2: parity 2, n = 14 sows for food processing; class 3: parity 3, n = 11 sows in the CTRL group and 13 sows in the scFOS group; class 4: parity 4, n = 13 sows for food processing; class 5: parity 5 and over, n = 11 sows in the CTRL group and 12 sows in the scFOS group).
    When an interaction between parity and diet was significant, this was specified in the text. The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD).
    Data on fattening pigs at slaughter were analyzed by ANOVA using the GLM procedure (SAS Inst Inc., NC), the experimental unit being the pen in a completely randomized design. The residual error was used to test the main effect of the food treatments. The model included the effects of sow diet, piglet diet, replicates, and the interaction between sow diet and piglet diet. Means were compared using orthogonal polynomials (Gill, 1978). The data was presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Results
    Characteristics of piglets at birth
    Diets do not change the total number of piglets at birth (15.2 ± 2.89), the number of live-born piglets (14.4 ± 1.79), the mean litter size at birth (18.2 , 6 ± 1.05 kg) and the piglet mortality rate during the first 48 h (15.6 ± 3.05%). After standardization, litter size and average PC are similar among diets (Table 3).
    Scope sizes are not standardized * _ _Page_value p
    Item_CTRL scFOS ET_scFOS
    Number of sows_64_65_
    Mean litter size1 to 14.9 15.4 2.89 0.362 birth (born)
    Mean litter size1 to 14.2 14.6 1.79 0.550 birth (live birth)% death between birth and 48 h 15.8 15.3 3.05 0.803 mean CP from litter at birth, kg 18.5 18.7 1.05 0.776
    Mean litter size after 12.4 12.7 2.04 0.154 standard PC standardization of reach after 16.3 16.4 0.667 0.799 standardization, kg_
    Table 3 Characteristics of newborn piglets of sows fed a control diet (CTRL) or a diet supplemented with short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) from a pregnancy of 109 days.
    Breeding performance of sows
    Diets did not influence body temperature 24 hours after farrowing, but sow supplementation with scFOS decreased the duration of farrowing (p = 0.012, Table 4).
    Diets do not affect the amount sows absorbed from day 109 of pregnancy to weaning, nor the thickness of back fat at farrowing. Supplementation with scFOS tends to increase the thickness of back fat at weaning (+0.8 mm, p = 0.091, Table 4). Value scheme _p_
    Item_CTRL scFOS AND scFOS
    Number of sows_64_65_
    Duration of farrowing, h. 3.23 2.59 1.18 0.012
    Temperature 24 hours after setting 38.6 38.6 0.27 0.592
    by, ° C
    Feed ration, kg / day 7.4 7.3 0.34 0.518 Back fat thickness at betting 17.9 18.2 2.58 0.357 low, mm Back fat thickness at 14.1 14.9 4.40 0.091 weaning, mm_
    Table 4 Duration of farrowing and sow characteristics at farrowing and weaning when fed a control diet (CTRL) or short-chain fructooligosaccharide supplemented diet (scFOS) from gestation 109 up to at weaning at day 20.
    Growth performance of suckling piglets
    Diets do not change the total number of weaned piglets (11.3 ± 0.06, Table 5) or the mortality rate of piglets from 48 h from birth to weaning. At 21 days of age, PC and mean daily gain (GQM) of piglets were unaffected by maternal supplementation with scFOS (Table 5). Value Regime
    _P
    Item_CTRL scFOS AND scFOS
    Number of sows_64_65_
    Number of weaned piglets 11.3 11.3 0.06 0.965% death between 48 h and 7.08 5.48 8.99 0.193 weaning GQM * per piglet, g 260 269 46.1 0.211 PC * piglets in weaning, kg 6.16 6.29 0.66 0.365 * GQM: mean daily gain; PC: body weight
    Table 5 Growth performance of suckling pigs of sows fed a control diet (CTRL) or a diet supplemented with short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) from d 109 d to weaning on day 20.
    Growth performance at slaughter
    Piglets are slaughtered at a younger age when fed the scFOS diet (-7.1 days, p = 0.004, Table 6) or when their breeder received supplemented feeding (-6.3 days, p = 0.04) . The shortest growth period is obtained in the scFOS / scFOS group (184.1 ± 5.48 days of age) and the longest in the CTRL / CTRL group (191.6 ± 5.48 days of age ). The PC is no different among the diets. Diets do not change the percentage of muscle in the carcasses (64.3 ± 0.32%, Table 6). Supplementation of piglets by scFOS tends to reduce the percentage of fat in muscles (-0.7%, p = 0.064). _Pages_values p_
    Item CTRL / CTRL CTRL / scFOS scFOS / CTRL scFOS / scFOS ETR scFOS scFOS Sow x _ piglet piglet
    Number 7 7 7 7 of pens
    Number of 191 194 193 191 piglets_
    Age at 191.6a 185.0b 186.5b 184, lb 5.48 0.041 0.004 0.151 slaughter, i
    Weight 95.9 96.0 95.7 95.8 0.01 0.694 0.829 0.978 carcass, kg
    Muscle,% 63.9 65.1 63.7 64.6 0.32 0.754 0.390 0.914
    Fat,% 16.2_15 ^ 9_16 / 7_16.0 0.53 0.218 0.064 0.464
    Table 6 Effects of supplementation of sows and piglets by short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) versus a control diet (CTRL) on carcass characteristics of piglets after slaughter.
    Discussion The study was conducted to evaluate sow reproduction performance after scFOS supplementation during the last five days of gestation and 20 days of lactation and to evaluate the growth performance of pigs undergoing supplementation. early life by scFOS. The effects of scFOS on the immune quality of sow colostrum and the immune response of challenged piglets were also evaluated. No health problems that could have interrupted the test occurred. ScFOS and control diets were well consumed by both sows and piglets. We therefore assume that the experimental conditions for achieving the goals of the study were met.
    Sows supplementation by scFOS alters reproductive performance
    Supplementation with scFOS reduces the farrowing time. A short farrowing time is important for piglet survival and subsequent breeding performance of sows (Friend et al., 1962). A large number of factors influence calving time, including mating, sow age, gestation time, number of piglets born, body condition of sow, and constipation status ( Oliviero et al., 2010). Mating, sow age, gestation duration and number of piglets born are similar in both groups of sows. No measure of constipation status was performed in the present study, but scFOS are known to regulate intestinal transit in humans (Paineau et al., 2008). Therefore, scFOS may have decreased calving time by improving the intestinal transit of sows. The thickness of the back fat at weaning tends to be higher in sows receiving scFOS compared to those receiving the control diet while the diet was similar between the 2 groups of sows. Le Bourgot et al. (2013) observed similar effects on backfat thickness in sows fed scFOS during the last 4 weeks of gestation and lactation. The end of pregnancy and lactation are specific physiological periods during which sows can become insulin-resistant, which stimulates the mobilization of energy storage (Père et Etienne, 2007, Farmer and Quesnel, 2009). As a prebiotic ingredient, scFOS modulate the microbiota and increase the production of volatile fatty acids in the colon of a large number of species, including pigs (Tsukahara et al., 2003). They also increase insulin sensitivity in both obese and healthy animals (Massimo et al., 1998; Respondek et al., 2008). The relationship between scFOS dietary supplementation, microbiota modulation, and reduction of blood insulinemia has been highlighted recently in humanized, gnotobiotically induced obesity mice (Respondek et al., 2013). Therefore, scFOS can increase the insulin sensitivity of sows and, in this way, decrease the mobilization of adipose tissue for fatty acid synthesis during lactation.
    All values reported for sow colostrum composition, including fat and energy, are consistent with biological values previously reported by Klobasa et al. (1987) and The Dividich et al. (2004). However, energy and fat levels are slightly lower in sow colostrum fed scFOS than in CTRL diets, while the feed ration and the number of suckling pigs are similar. This is consistent with the possible lower mobilization of adipose tissue mentioned previously in sows receiving scFOS. The difference in the nutritional composition of colostrum does not influence piglet mortality or weaning CP, suggesting that sow piglets fed the scFOS diet receive sufficient energy to ensure survival and growth. .
    Supplementation with scFOS has long-term effects on growth performance
    The animals are slaughtered at a younger age in the case of supplementation of sows and piglets. Similarly, Le Bourgot (INRA, Rennes, France, personal communication) observed a positive remanence effect of scFOS supplementation of sows on the PC of their piglets at the age of 77 days. Supplementation with scFOS also increases growth and feed efficiency when fed directly to veal calves (Grand et al., 2013) or piglets (Howard et al., 1999, Xu et al., 2005). However, these earlier studies evaluated the effects of scFOS on growth performance during supplementation, while the present study highlights a positive remnant effect of early-life nutrition on subsequent growth performance.
    In addition to changes in their growth curve, supplementation at the beginning of life of piglets by scFOS also modifies carcass characteristics. Indeed, supplementation during the prestarter period tends to decrease the percentage of fat in the muscles measured on the carcass. Numerous studies have been designed to assess the impacts of early nutrition on piglet growth performance, but focused primarily on protein levels or dietary restriction (Sarr et al., 2010, Sarr et al. 2011). To our knowledge, there is no available data on the effects of prebiotics given to piglets on their subsequent growth performance.
    ScFOS can influence energy metabolic pathways when given directly to piglets or their nursing mothers. ScFOS supplementation of sows can alter the energy metabolism of piglets, probably through a change in milk composition (Le Bourgot et al., 2012). The long-term effects of scFOS supplementation of sows and piglets are also undoubtedly associated with modulation of the gut microbiota. Evidence of the implication of underlying epigenetic changes in long-term studies is emerging with respect to the gastrointestinal tract. Specifically, the microbiota is involved in the modulation of the host epigenome in the gut (Hinnebusch et al., 2003, Takahashi et al., 2011). These results, in addition to the well-known prebiotic properties of scFOS, lead to the idea that scFOS can modulate early bacterial colonization of piglets and, in this way, modulate metabolic responses at later physiological stages.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    A method of improving or increasing growth in adulthood of offspring of a female animal, comprising the step of administering an effective amount of fructooligosaccharides to i) the female animal during breastfeeding said offspring and / or ii) said offspring between 2 and 6 weeks after weaning.
    [2]
    2. The method of claim 1, the fructooligosaccharides being administered to said offspring between 2 and 4 weeks after weaning, preferably between 2 and 3 weeks after weaning.
    [3]
    3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, the fructooligosaccharides being administered to said female animal at least during the period of colostrum and / or lactation, the fructooligosaccharides being preferably administered to said female animal during the end of gestation and / or during any the breastfeeding period.
    [4]
    4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, said offspring being a non-human animal, preferably a mammal.
    [5]
    5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, said offspring being a monogastric animal, preferably a piglet and said effective amount of fructooligosaccharides being administered: - auditing the female animal during lactation of said offspring to 0 until at 21 days and / or - at said offspring between 21 and 48 days.
    [6]
    6. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, said fructooligosaccharides being short-chain fructooligosaccharides.
    [7]
    A method of improving or increasing, in adulthood, the muscle mass or muscle / fat ratio of a female animal offspring, comprising the step of administering an effective amount of fructooligosaccharides to ) the female animal between breastfeeding said offspring and / or ii) said offspring between 2 and 6 weeks after weaning - improving or increasing, in adulthood, the muscle mass or muscle ratio / fat of said offspring.
    [8]
    A method for reducing the breeding period of offspring of a non-human female animal, said offspring being a meat-producing animal, said method comprising the step of administering an effective amount of fructooligosaccharides to ) the female animal during lactation of said offspring and / or ii) said offspring between 2 and 6 weeks after weaning - thereby reducing the breeding period of said offspring.
    [9]
    9. Use of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), preferably short-chain FOS (scFOS), at an early age of an animal to enhance or increase growth of said animal in adulthood.
    [10]
    10. Use of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), preferably short-chain FOS (scFOS), to enhance or enhance growth in adulthood of an animal by administering said FOS to its breeder during lactation of said animal .
    [11]
    11. Nutritional composition for an animal at an early age or for a suckling animal, comprising: - 0.05 to 0.5% (w / w) scFOS, - 18 to 23% (w / w) protein, preferably vegetable or animal proteins and mixtures thereof; - 52 to 70% (w / w) of carbohydrates, preferably selected from carbohydrates of corn, barley, milk, maltodextrins and a corresponding mixture, and - 1 to 8% (P / P) of fat, preferably selected from marine oil, fish oil, vegetable oil, animal lipids and a corresponding mixture.
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    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP14182957.2|2014-08-29|
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